Utility-scale Solar and Airports: Shining a light on the FAA process
by Travis Harrison
Travis Harrison is a Project Manager at Capitol Airspace Group, specializing in utility-scale solar and transmission lines. Previously, he served as Lead Solar Analyst in CAG’s Analytical Department. He holds a Masters of Science in Geospatial Intelligence from the University of Maryland and is a rated FAA pilot.
As the nation’s energy demands continue to rise, airport owners, municipalities, and utilities across the country have discovered the value of installing solar arrays on and around airport property. When properly planned, utility-scale solar energy projects are generally compatible with aviation operations while providing long-term economic and sustainability benefits. However, solar projects located near airports are subject to federal aviation regulations intended to protect the safety and efficiency of the National Airspace System (NAS). Early consideration of aviation requirements can help developers avoid costly redesigns, permitting delays, and operational constraints later in the development process.
Capitol Airspace Group helps developers identify and address aviation-related considerations associated with solar arrays, substations, and transmission infrastructure through FAA permitting support, airport compatibility reviews, and glint and glare assessments.
How close can solar panels be to a runway?
There is no single minimum distance requirement between a solar project and a runway. Instead, FAA compatibility is evaluated based on the project’s location, elevation, height, and relationship to airport infrastructure and flight operations.
For solar projects on airport property, FAA Advisory Circular 150/5300-13B Airport Design defines runway safety areas, obstacle free zones, and other design requirements that should be kept clear of development. For arrays off airport property, developers are often restricted by local land-use planning regulations and aviation easements.
For projects located off airport property, additional considerations may include:
- FAA obstruction evaluation requirements under 14 CFR Part 77
- Airport height and land-use compatibility ordinances
- Existing aviation easements
- State and local zoning regulations
- Operational impacts on nearby airports, heliports, or aviation infrastructure such as navigational aids
Developers should evaluate FAA notification requirements early in the project lifecycle. Filing a notice under 14 CFR Part 77 will initiate an FAA aeronautical study to determine whether a proposed structure would adversely affect navigable airspace.
Does solar panel glare affect pilots?
Solar panels are designed to absorb sunlight rather than reflect it. Nevertheless, under certain circumstances, reflected sunlight can produce:
- Glint: a brief flash of reflected sunlight
- Glare: a sustained reflection capable of causing visual discomfort or after-image effects
Potential glare impacts are typically evaluated for pilots, air traffic control personnel, nearby roadways, residential receptors, and other sensitive observation points.
The FAA has long recognized the importance of assessing glare associated with airport solar projects. In its 2021 Policy on Review of Solar Energy System Projects on Federally-Obligated Airports, the FAA encourages sponsors to ensure proposed solar installations do not result in ocular impacts to Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) personnel. The policy replaced the FAA’s 2013 Interim Solar Policy and shifted responsibility for documenting compliance from the FAA to the airport sponsor.
As a result, many airports, permitting agencies, insurance, financing, and project stakeholders continue to require detailed glint and glare assessments to support project planning and approval efforts.
Using ForgeSolar for Glint and Glare Analysis
Capitol Airspace Group performs independent glint and glare assessments using the ForgeSolar platform, one of the most widely utilized tools in the solar development and aviation industries for evaluating solar reflectivity impacts.
ForgeSolar uses site-specific inputs including:
- Solar array geometry and orientation
- Panel technology and reflectivity characteristics
- Annual solar position calculations
- Sensitive observation locations such as airports, air traffic control towers, residences, roadways, and other receptors
The analysis models potential glare occurrences throughout the year and quantifies the intensity, duration, and frequency of predicted reflections. Results can be used to support:
- FAA and airport coordination
- Local permitting requirements
- Project siting decisions
- Array design optimization
- Mitigation strategy development
When glare impacts are identified, modifications such as panel orientation adjustments, setback changes, screening vegetation, alternative tracker configurations, or other design measures can often reduce or eliminate potential concerns.
Planning for Success
Solar and aviation interests can successfully coexist when aviation compatibility is incorporated early in project planning.
Whether a project is located on airport property, near an airfield, or within an airport’s area of influence, developers should evaluate FAA notification requirements, airport compatibility considerations, and potential glare impacts as part of the initial site selection process.
By conducting early aviation due diligence and comprehensive glare analysis, project teams can reduce permitting risk, improve stakeholder confidence, and help ensure that renewable energy development proceeds without introducing hazards to pilots, air traffic controllers, or nearby communities.
Considering a solar project near an airport? Engaging aviation and glare analysis specialists early in the development process can help identify potential constraints, support permitting efforts, and facilitate a smoother path to project approval.
For assistance with the FAA’s obstruction evaluation process or glint and glare analysis, please contact us.
